Instrument and method for making the same

ABSTRACT

An instrument for endoscopic applications has a first end portion and a second end portion opposing the first end portion. An intermediate cylindrical member of the instrument has a handling end portion with a flexible portion located at the first end portion and actuating means located at the second end portion. The actuating means has a first cylindrical part. The handling end portion has a second cylindrical part connected to the actuating means by longitudinal elements for transferring a movement of the actuating means to a bending of the handling end portion. The longitudinal elements are separated from one another by longitudinal slits defined in the intermediate cylindrical member. Each of the longitudinal elements is composed of a strip, adjacent strips being separated by a gap. A plate is arranged to move in a longitudinal direction of the gap but has a circumferential width filling a width of the gap.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional application from Europeanapplication 15162846.8, which itself is a divisional application fromEuropean application 08 773 760.7, the entire content of which isincorporated by reference in the present application.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

The invention relates to an instrument for endoscopic applications.

2. Description of Related Art

Such an instrument has been described for example in EP-A-1 708 609 andis normally used for applications such as minimal invasive surgery, butit is also applicable for other purposes such as the inspection orreparation of mechanical or electronic installations at locations whichare difficult to reach. In the further description the term endoscopicapplications or endoscopic instrument will be used but the term must beinterpreted as covering also other applications or instruments asexplained above.

In the known instrument according to EP-A-1 708 609, the actuating partneeded to steer one end of the instrument by movement of the other endis made out of a number of cables which are connected both to the firstand second end portion. Connecting the cables to these portions iscumbersome and complicated in that each cable has to be connectedseparately and the tension in the cables must be the same for all cablesso to obtain a reliable control of the movement. This makes theproduction of such an instrument complicated.

US-A1-2007/049800 discloses an articulation joint for use in a medicaldevice such as an endoscope. In one embodiment, the articulation jointcomprises a plurality of interconnected segments. Each segment comprisesa cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wallincludes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slotstherethrough. A plurality of cable guide elements having a passage forcontrol cables are inserted into the slots and two or more cables arethreaded through the plurality of cable guide elements and tensioned toform the articulation joint body. In another embodiment, thearticulation joint is an elongated tubular body comprising a cylinderwith an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall comprises anumber of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough. Aplurality of annular rings are snap-fitted around the circumference ofthe tubular body at spaced intervals. Each annular ring has an outercircumference with a first end and a second end and a spacetherebetween. Also included in each annular ring is at least one pair ofinwardly extending cable guide loops adapted to be inserted into theslots in the outer wall of the tubular body. Two or more cables arethreaded through the plurality of cable guide loops and tensioned toform the articulation joint body. In both cases, a method ofmanufacturing the articulation joint involves a step of threading one ormore cables through the guide elements/loops and tensioning the cables.

WO-A-97/42910 discloses a manufacturing process for an apparatusincluding a slotted hypotube. The manufacturing process includescreating a pattern of slots in a flexible metallic tubular member. Themanufacturing process may include an additional step of encasing theflexible metallic tubular member such that a fluid tight seal is formedaround the periphery of the tubular member.

WO 2009/098244 A2 that was published on 13 Aug. 2009 and claims priorityof EP 08151060 that was filed on 5 Feb. 2008, discloses a steerable tubecomprising a hollow elongate tubular member having a proximal end,distal end, a wall surface disposed between said proximal and distalend, a bend-resistive zone flanked by a proximal bendable zone thatforms a controller and a distal bendable zone that forms an effectorthat moves responsive to movements of the controller, whereby the wallof the tubular member in the bend-resistive zone comprises a structurethat is a plurality of longitudinal slits, forming a plurality oflongitudinal strips, the wall of the tubular member in the proximalbendable zone and the distal bendable zone comprises a structure that isa plurality of longitudinal wires, at least one strip is in connectionwith a wire in the proximal bendable zone and a wire; in the distalbendable zone, such that translation by said wire in the controller istransmitted via the strip to said wire in the effector, a proximalannular region of the tubular member, proximal to the proximal bendablezone to which the proximal wires are anchored, a distal annular regionof the tubular member distal to the distal bendable zone to which thedistal wires are anchored.

SUMMARY

It is an object of the invention to provide an instrument for endoscopicapplications having an improved construction compared to the instrumentsknown in the art.

This object is achieved by an instrument defined in claim 1. Theconstruction of the tube like member of the instrument according to theinvention enables a more reliable operation of the instrument comparedto instruments known in the art.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will be clear fromthe following description, reference being made to the annexed drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section of an instrument according to theinvention,

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the three cylindrical members forming theinstrument according to the invention,

FIG. 3 is an unrolled view of a part of the intermediate cylindricalmember of the instrument according to the invention,

FIG. 4 is an unrolled view of a part of a second embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 5 is an unrolled view of a part of a third embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 6 is an unrolled view of a part of a fourth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 7 is an unrolled view of a part of a fifth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 8 is an unrolled view of a part of a sixth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 9 is an unrolled view of a part of a seventh embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 10 is an unrolled view of a part of an eighth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention in a pre-assembledcondition,

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the unit with an intermediatemember according to FIG. 10 in the pre-assembled condition,

FIG. 12 is an unrolled view of a part of the eighth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention in the assembledcondition,

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the instrument with an intermediatemember according to FIG. 10 in the assembled condition,

FIG. 14 is an unrolled view of a part of a ninth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention in a pre-assembledcondition,

FIG. 15 is an unrolled view of a part of a tenth embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 16 is an unrolled view of a part of an eleventh embodiment of theintermediate member according to the invention,

FIG. 17 is a schematic exploded view of a modified embodiment of theinstrument according to the invention,

FIG. 18 is a schematic drawing of a special application of a modifiedinstrument according to the invention.

FIG. 19 is a schematic presentation of an unrolled view of a firstembodiment of a flexible part of a cylindrical member as shown in FIG. 1or 2,

FIG. 20 is an unrolled view of a second embodiment of a flexible part ofa cylindrical member as shown in FIG. 1 or 2,

FIG. 21 is an unrolled view of a third embodiment of a flexible part ofa cylindrical member as shown in FIG. 1 or 2,

FIG. 22 is a view of a flexible part as guiding member between twolongitudinal elements as shown in FIGS. 14-16, and

FIG. 23 is a view of an embodiment a flexible part as guiding member asmodified with respect to FIG. 22.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In FIG. 1 there is shown an axial cross-section of an instrument 1according to the invention. The instrument 1 is composed of threecoaxial cylindrical members an inner member 2, an intermediate member 3and an outer member 4. The inner cylindrical member 2 is composed of afirst rigid end part 21, which is the part normally used at the locationwhich is difficult to reach or inside the human body or, a firstflexible part 22, an intermediate rigid part 23, a second flexible part24 and a second rigid end part 25 which is normally used as theoperating part of the instrument in that it serves to steer the otherend of the unit. The outer cylindrical member 4 is in the same waycomposed of a first rigid part 41, a flexible part 42, an intermediaterigid part 43, a second flexible part 44 and a second rigid part 45. Thelength of the different parts of the cylindrical members 2 and 4 aresubstantially the same so that when the cylindrical member 2 is insertedinto the cylindrical member 4, the different parts are positionedagainst each other. The intermediate cylindrical member 3 also has afirst rigid end part 31 and a second rigid end part 35 which in theassembled condition are located between the corresponding rigid parts21, 41 and 25, 45 respectively of the two other cylindrical members.

The intermediate part 33 of the intermediate cylindrical member isformed by three or more separate longitudinal elements which can havedifferent forms and shapes as will be explained below. After assembly ofthe three cylindrical members 2, 3 and 4 whereby the member 2 isinserted in the member 3 and the two combined members 2, 3 are insertedinto the member 4, the end faces of the three members 2, 3 and 4 areconnected to each other at both ends so as to have one integral unit.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the intermediate part 33 is formed bya number of longitudinal elements 38 with a uniform cross-section sothat the intermediate part 33 has the general shape and form as shown inthe unrolled condition in FIG. 3. From this it also becomes clear thatthe intermediate part is formed by a number of over the circumference ofthe cylindrical part 3 equally spaced parallel longitudinal elements 38.The number of elements 38 must be at least three, so that the instrument1 becomes fully controllable in any direction, but any higher number ispossible as well.

The production of such an intermediate part is most conveniently done byinjection molding or plating techniques or starting form a regularcylindrical tube with the desired inner and outer diameter and removingthese parts of the tube wall required to end up with the desired shapeof the intermediate cylindrical member. This removal of material can bedone by means of different techniques such as laser cutting,photochemical etching, deep pressing, conventional chipping techniquessuch as drilling or milling, high pressure water jet cutting systems orany suitable material removing process available. Preferably lasercutting is used as this allows a very accurate and clean removal ofmaterial under reasonable economic conditions. These are convenient waysas the member 3 can be made so to say in one process, without requiringadditional steps for connecting the different parts of the intermediatecylindrical member as was required in the conventional instruments,where the longitudinal members must be connected in some way to the endparts.

The same type of technology can be used for producing the inner andouter cylindrical members 2 and 4 with their respective flexible parts22, 24, 42 and 44. A tube having flexible parts can be obtained indifferent ways. In FIGS. 19, 20, 21 and 22 there are shown different howsuch flexibility in part can be obtained. FIG. 19 shows a schematicrepresentation of a rolled out flexible cylindrical portion. In theembodiments shown in FIG. 19, the part of the cylindrical tube to becomeflexible has been provided with slits 50 extending in a helical mannerover the length of the flexible part. The flexibility can be controlledby the number of slits 50 and/or the angle of the slits 50 with respectto the axial direction of the cylindrical member.

In the embodiment of FIG. 20 the part of the cylindrical tube to becomeflexible has been provided with a number of short slits 51. The slits 51can be divided into groups, the slits 51 in each group being located inthe same line extending perpendicular to the axis of the cylindricalmember. The slits 51 in two neighboring groups are offset. In theembodiment of FIG. 21 the part of the cylindrical tube to becomeflexible has been provided by making slits producing a number ofswallow's tails 52 which fit into each other as shown.

It will be obvious that other systems of providing a flexible part in acylindrical tube wall may be used as well. More specifically it ispossible to use combinations of the systems shown above. Otherwise itwill also be obvious that an advantageous process for producing suchflexible parts in cylindrical tube may be the same process as describedbefore with respect to the production of the intermediate part 33.

As described above in the first embodiment the longitudinal elements 38are formed by a number of parallel elements equally spaced around thecircumference of the cylindrical member. As shown in FIG. 3 a free spaceis available between each pair of adjacent elements 38. It is possibleto use longitudinal elements 38 as shown in this figure, but in theflexible parts of the instrument there will be a tendency of thelongitudinal elements 38 to move in tangential direction especially whenstrong curves have to be made. As a consequence of this uncontrolledmovement of the longitudinal elements 38 the accuracy and the magnitudeof the control of the position of the one end portion by the movement ofthe other end portion may be lost or is becoming more complicated. Thisproblem can be avoided by making longitudinal elements 38 in such a waythat the free space between two adjacent elements 38 is as small aspossible or completely left out so that two adjacent longitudinalelements 38 are touching each other and serve as a guide for each other.A disadvantage of this system however is that a big number oflongitudinal elements 38 must be present, as the cross section of theseelements must be chosen in such a way that their flexibility in anydirection is almost the same independent of the direction of bending. Asthe wall thickness of the cylindrical member is relatively smallcompared to the overall dimensions of the cylindrical member especiallywith respect to the circumference, this will result in a big number oflongitudinal elements 38 as seen along the tangential direction and anincrease of total bending stiffness. As the longitudinal elements 38 aretouching each other in the tangential direction, this provides for aguiding of these elements upon use of the instrument.

In a modified embodiment of the longitudinal elements this problem hasbeen avoided in a different way. In this second embodiment shown in FIG.4 each longitudinal element 60 is composed of three portions 61, 62 and63, co-existing with the first flexible portion 22, 42, the intermediaterigid portion 23, 43 and the second flexible portion 24, 44respectively. In the portion 62 coinciding with the intermediate rigidportion, each pair of adjacent longitudinal elements 60 is touching eachother in the tangential direction so that in fact only a narrow gap ispresent there between just sufficient to allow independent movement ofeach longitudinal element.

In the other two portions 61 and 63 each longitudinal element consistsof a relatively small and flexible strip 64, 65 as seen incircumferential direction, so that there is a substantial gap betweeneach pair of adjacent strips, and each strip 64, 65 is provided with anumber of cams 66, extending in circumferential direction and almostbridging completely the gap to the next strip. Because of these cams thetendency of the longitudinal elements in the flexible portions of theinstrument to shift in circumferential direction is suppressed and thedirection control is complete. The exact shape of these cams 66 is notvery critical, provided they do not compromise flexibility of strips 64and 65. In view thereof any shape like a trapezium shape as shown inFIG. 4 is applicable.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 the cams 66 are extending towards onedirection as seen from the strip to which they are connected. It ishowever also possible to have these cams extending to bothcircumferential directions starting from one strip. By using this, it iseither possible to have alternating types of strips as seen along thecircumference, a first type provided at both sides with cams 66extending until the next strip, and a second intermediate set of stripswithout cams. Otherwise it is possible to have strips with cams at bothsides, where as seen along the longitudinal direction of the instrumentthe cams originating from one strip are alternating with camsoriginating from the adjacent strips. It is obvious that numerousalternatives are available. Important is that adjacent strips are incontact with each but that flexibility of strips 64 and 65 is notcompromised.

In FIG. 5 there is shown a third embodiment of the longitudinal elementsas may be used according to the invention. In this embodiment thelongitudinal elements 70 are formed by strips 71 comparable to thestrips 38 of FIG. 3 interconnecting the portions 31 and 33. Furthermorethe strips 71 have been provided with cams 72 so that the strips 71 arealmost comparable to the strips 61 or 63 of FIG. 4. In this way aguiding is provided by the cams 72 over the complete length of thestrips 71. It is obvious that also in this case the modifications withrespect to the position of the cams 72 and the alternating of strips 71with cams on both sides and strips without cams as described above withrespect to FIG. 4 are also applicable for this embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 the longitudinal elements 80are formed by strips 81 interconnection the portion 31 and 35. Thesestrips are comparable to the strips 38 in FIG. 3 and have substantiallythe same width. This means that between each pair of adjacent strips 81there is left a circumferential gap 82. Each gap 82 is filledsubstantially by means of another strip 83, having a circumferentialwidth slightly smaller than the circumferential width of the gap 82 anda longitudinal dimension which leaves some play between the ends of theaxial ends of the strip 83 and the portions 31 and 35 respectively. Thestrip 85 is composed of three parts, a first flexible part 84,schematically represented with dotted lines an intermediate part 85 anda second flexible part 86, the three parts coinciding with the flexibleparts 22,42, the intermediate parts 23, 43 and the flexible parts 24, 44respectively of the instrument. The flexibility of the parts 84 and 85may be obtained by any system described above, or a shown in FIGS. 24and 25. The intermediate part 85 is connected to the strip 81. In thisway the strip 85 is guiding the movement of the strips 81 in theflexible portions of the instrument, without hindering theirlongitudinal movement.

In the embodiment shown each strip 81 is on one side connected to astrip 83. As an alternative it is also possible to have a system inwhich as seen along the circumference of the intermediate cylindricalmember this member is composed of a first set of strips 81 having bothsides connected to a strip 83, and a second set of strips 81 which haveno connection to such strips 83 and are as such comparable to the strips38 of FIG. 3. It is of course obvious that other solutions are availableby using combinations of strips 81 having either no, one or twoconnections to strips 83 by putting them in the rights sequence alongthe circumference of the intermediate cylindrical member.

A fifth embodiment has been shown in FIG. 7. In this embodiment eachlongitudinal element 90 is composed of a first strip 91, a band 92 and asecond strip 93. The first and second strip 91 and 93 have acircumferential width such that there is a circumferential gap 94 and 95respectively between each pair of adjacent strips 91 and 93respectively. The bands 92 have a circumferential width such that twoadjacent bands are in contact with each other. The strips 91 and 93coincide with the flexible portions 22, 42 and 24 and 44 respectivelywhereas the bands 92 coincide with the intermediate portion 23, 43. Ineach gap 94 and 95 respectively plates 96 and 97 respectively have beenplaced which plates 94, 95 have a circumferential width filling thewidth of the gap and thus providing a guiding for the strips 91 and 93respectively. Free movement of the strips is achieved in that in thelongitudinal direction there is some play between the axial ends of theplates 96, 97 and the portions 31, the bands 92 and the bands 92 and theportion 35 respectively.

The plates 96, 97 are completely free to move in their respective gaps94, 95 respectively, but because of the selected dimensions only amovement in longitudinal direction is available. For the production ofsuch a system as shown in FIG. 7 it is possible to first make theintermediate cylindrical elements by means of one of the productiontechniques described above, which results in an intermediate cylindricalmember which is different from the one shown in FIG. 7 in that one pointof each plate 96 and 97 is still connected either to an adjacent strip,to a band or to the portions 31 or 35. In this form the instrument isassembled whereby the connection point between the plates 96 or 97 andthe remaining of the intermediate cylindrical member is coinciding witha hole provided in the cylindrical member 4. Once the assembling beingfinished the connection mentioned above can be destroyed for example byusing one of the production techniques mentioned above. In this way theplates 96, 97 become completely free movable in their gaps. Here oncemore it will be obvious that the laser technology is very effective inthis production step.

In FIG. 8 there is shown a sixth embodiment of the intermediatecylindrical member according to the invention. This embodiment is verysimilar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, in that the longitudinalelements 100 are composed of strips 101 and 103 comparable to the strips91 and 93, and a band 102 comparable to the band 92. In the same way,the gaps 104 and 105 are comparable to the gaps 94 and 95 occupied byplates 106 and 107 and comparable to the plates 96 and 97. In thisembodiment the plates 106 and 107 are not completely free from theremaining of the instrument, but each plate 106 and 107 is connectedeither to the outer cylindrical member 4 or to the inner cylindricalmember 2, especially in the non-flexible part thereof, In the embodimentshown this has been achieved by welding at one point 108 and 109respectively the plates 106 and 107 to the intermediate rigid portion ofeither the inner or outer cylindrical member 2 or 4. In this way thestrips 101 and 103 are accurately guided by the plates 106 and 107 inthe flexible portions of the instrument by the plates 106 and 107, butthe plates 106 and 107 are not free to move whereby the control ofmovement has been improved and the assembling of the instrument becomesmuch easier.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the seventh embodiment can be seen as acombination of the embodiment of FIG. 6 and the embodiment of FIG. 8.The longitudinal element 110 consists of a number of strips 111,comparable to the strips 81 and the gap 112 between each pair ofadjacent strips 111 is occupied by a strip or plate 113 comparable tostrip 83. In this embodiment the strips 113 are not connected to thestrips 111 as in the embodiment of FIG. 6, but are connected at somepoints 115, 116 to rigid intermediate part of either the outer or innercylindrical member 2 or 4 of the instrument comparable to the embodimentof FIG. 8.

In FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13 there is shown an embodiment of theinstrument which can be seen as a modification of the embodiment shownin FIG. 9. In FIGS. 10 and 11 there is shown situation before assemblywhereas FIGS. 12 and 13 show the assembled instrument.

In FIGS. 10 and 11 there is shown the outer cylindrical element 4, whichis composed of three parts, a part 121 forming the first flexibleportion 42 and the first rigid portion 41, a part 122 forming theintermediate rigid portion 43 and also forming the guiding plates 124comparable to the guiding plates 106, 107 in FIG. 8 and a part 123forming the second flexible part 44 and the second rigid part 45.

The parts 121 and 123 are simple cylindrical tubes which have beenprovided with a flexible portion by one of the methods described above.The intermediate portion 122 is formed by a cylindrical tube in which byone of the processes described above for removal of material a number oftongues 124 have been made which have been made flexible by one of themethods described above. These tongs extend from both ends of a centralportion and will form bands which will occupy the space between stripslike the strips 11. Therefore the tongues have been deformed at theirconnection with the central portion 125 so as to have a smaller diameterwhereby these tongues fit into the spaces between the strips. In factthe tongues are deformed to form an internal and external diametersubstantially equal to the corresponding diameters of the strips.

After the different part 121, 122 and 122 have been produced asdescribed, the parts 121 and 122 are moved over the tongues 124 and theabutting ends of the part 121 and 125 and the part 125 and 123 arewelded together so as to form the external cylindrical member 4.

In FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 there is shown a different category ofembodiments of longitudinal elements 130 interconnecting the portions 31and 35 of the intermediate cylindrical member 3. The longitudinalelements 130 are formed by strips 131 comparable to the strips 38 ofFIG. 3. As seen in the circumferential direction of the cylindricalmember, these strips are space apart from each other by a gap 132. Atleast in the flexible zone of the instrument where a guiding of thestrips is preferred or required, each pair of adjacent strips isconnected by a number of bridges which have a defined degree offlexibility as seen in the longitudinal direction. These bridges arebridging the width of the gap 132 and can be shaped in different ways.

In the embodiment of FIG. 14 the bridges have the form of short strips134 extending in circumferential direction and having a width inlongitudinal direction which allows some parallel movement from onestrip 131 to its adjacent strip 131. By selection the number of strips134 and its cross-section dimensions its flexibility may be sufficientto allow sufficient freedom of movement of the adjacent strips 131. Ifneeded the flexibility of the strips 134 can be enhanced by applyingsome special configurations as shown in FIGS. 23, 24 and 25. The stripsneed not to transfer any tangential force from the one strip to itsadjacent strip 131, but serves only to maintain the distance between twoadjacent strips 131.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 the strips 135 have been shaped withsome recesses so as to increase their flexibility. Moreover these stripshave been not directed along the circumferential direction of thecylindrical member, bur are positioned under a small angle with respectto that direction in a way that the series of connectors form a spiral.A special shape of the bridges has been shown in the embodiment of FIG.16. The bridges 136 of this embodiment consists of two cams 137 and 138extending from two adjacent strips 131 and abutting about halfway in thegap between the two strips. Two semicircular bands 139 and 140 areconnecting the cam 138 with the cam 137. This provides a high degree offlexibility whereas the distance between the two adjacent strips isaccurately maintained. The making of such bridges 136 does not offer anyspecial problem when using one of the techniques described above.

In FIG. 17 there is shown a special embodiment of an instrumentaccording to the inventions. The inner cylindrical member is composed ofa first rigid end part 141, a first flexible part 142, an intermediaterigid part 143, a second flexible part 144 and a second rigid end part145 which is normally used as the operating part of the instrument inthat it serves to steer the other end of the unit. The outer cylindricalmember is in the same way composed of a first rigid part 161, a flexiblepart 162, an intermediate rigid part 163, a second flexible part 164 anda second rigid part 165. The intermediate cylindrical member also has afirst rigid end part 151 and a second rigid end part 155 which in theassembled condition are located between the corresponding rigid parts141, 161 and 145, 165 respectively of the two other cylindrical members.In the embodiment shown the longitudinal elements 153 are of the typeshown in FIG. 3, but it will be obvious that any other type describedabove may be used as well. So far the construction is comparable to theinstrument shown in FIG. 1.

The main difference with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1 consists inthe use of a different set of diameters for some parts of theinstrument. IN the embodiment shown the parts 144, 145, 155, 164 and 165have a larger diameter than the other parts and in the parts 143, 153and 163 as frusto-conical portion have been made in order to connect thesmall diameter parts with the large diameter parts. As shown in FIG. 17the different parts can easily be assembled by inserting one into theother. The main reason however to have such an instrument with differentdiameters is that by using an operating part with a larger diameter, themovement of the other end is amplified, whereas if a smaller diameter isused the movement of the other end is reduced. Dependent of theapplication and its requirements larger diameters can be used to havethe amplified movement or smaller diameters can be used to reduce themovement and increase accuracy.

A special application of the instrument according to the invention isshown in FIG. 18. In this application a number of tubes have beeninserted into a body of an environment where some inspection ortreatment must take place. In the embodiment shown there are threetubes, a first or central tube 200, which may be a straight tube whichis used for illumination and viewing purposes. Two S-shaped tubes 201and 202 are positioned partly against this central tube 200, and thesetubes are used for the guiding of instruments according to theinvention. The bending is necessary to have the handling side of theinstruments 203 and 204 removed from each other and from the centraltube 200 so that the movement is possible in any direction. Bypositioning the S-shaped tubes diametrically in opposition to thecentral tube 200 there is also sufficient space left at the working sideto perform all kind of movement of these ends of the instruments 203 and204.

In order to enable the instruments to be guided through such a S-shapedtube 201 or 202 or tubes with any curved shape, the intermediate rigidportion of the instruments 203 and 204 has been provided with at leastone additional flexible portion dividing the intermediate portion inrigid portions of a lesser length so at to allow some additionalbending. If needed more than one intermediate flexible portion may beincluded.

In EP 2,273,911 A, the first application from which the presentinvention is divided, different aspects were described. They were asfollows

According to a first aspect, there is provided a process for producingthe actuating part of an instrument for endoscopic applications or thelike, which instrument comprises a tube like member having a handlingend portion with a flexible portion and actuating means located at theother end portion, which actuating means comprises a cylindrical partconnected to the handling end portion, a cylindrical part connected tothe actuating means and a number of longitudinal elements fortransferring the movement of the actuating means to the handling endportion, characterized in that the actuating means is made starting fromof a full cylindrical tube which is provided with a number oflongitudinal slits thereby forming the longitudinal elements. In anembodiment, the longitudinal slits are made by means of any knownmaterial removal techniques such as photochemical etching, deeppressing, chipping techniques preferably by laser cutting.

According to a second aspect, there is provided an instrument forendoscopic applications or the like obtained by means of the aboveprocess wherein the longitudinal slits between two neighboringlongitudinal elements have such a small width that the longitudinalelements are kept parallel by each other upon actuation of theinstrument.

In an embodiment, in the instrument for endoscopic applications or thelike obtained by means of that process at least one longitudinal slitbetween a pair of neighboring longitudinal elements is provided withelements keeping the longitudinal elements parallel to each other.

In an embodiment, the at least one of a neighboring pair of longitudinalelements is provided with protrusions extending in the direction of theother longitudinal element.

In an embodiment, the protrusions are only present in the parts of thelongitudinal element which are coinciding with the flexible portions ofthe instrument.

In an embodiment, in at least part of the non flexible part of theinstrument the longitudinal elements have such a width that theysubstantially fill up completely the width of the longitudinal slits.

In an embodiment, each longitudinal slit is filled with a separatelongitudinal element, having flexible portions coinciding at least withthe flexible parts of the instrument.

In an embodiment, each separate longitudinal element has a central partcoinciding with a non flexible part of the instrument which is connectedto a non flexible part of the instrument, preferably to one of theadjacent longitudinal elements.

In an embodiment, in the at least part of the non flexible part of theinstrument the longitudinal elements have such a width that theysubstantially fill up completely the width of the longitudinal slits,and in that each of the remaining parts of the longitudinal slits arefiled up with separate longitudinal elements.

In an embodiment, one end of each of the separate longitudinal elementsis connected to a non flexible part of the instrument.

In an embodiment, each pair of adjacent longitudinal elements isinterconnected by means at least one flexible bridge, at least in theparts coinciding with the flexible parts of the instrument. In anembodiment, the longitudinal elements in the zone adjacent the handlingend portion are located in a cylindrical plane with a first diameter, inthe zone adjacent to the actuating end portion are located in acylindrical plane with a second different diameter, and in anintermediate zone are located in a conical plan interconnecting the twozones.

In an embodiment, the first diameter is smaller than the seconddiameter.

It is obvious that the invention is not restricted to the describedembodiments as shown in the annexed drawings, but that within the scopeof the claims modifications can be applied without departing from theinventive concept.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An instrument for endoscopic applications,the instrument comprising: an intermediate cylindrical member; an innercylindrical member inserted in the intermediate cylindrical member; andan outer cylindrical member surrounding the intermediate cylindricalmember such that the intermediate cylindrical member and the outercylindrical member are positioned against each other, wherein: theinstrument has a first end portion and a second end portion opposing thefirst end portion, the intermediate cylindrical member has a handlingend portion with a flexible portion at the first end portion andactuating means located at the second end portion, the actuating meanscomprises a first cylindrical part, the handling end portion has asecond cylindrical part connected to the actuating means by longitudinalelements for transferring a movement of the actuating means to a bendingof the handling end portion, the longitudinal elements are separatedfrom one another by longitudinal slits defined in the intermediatecylindrical member, each of the longitudinal elements is composed of astrip, adjacent strips being separated by a gap, and a plate is locatedin the gap and is arranged to move in a longitudinal direction of thegap but has a circumferential width filling a width of the gap so as toguide the strip.
 2. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein theinstrument has, in at least a part, a non flexible part in whichportions of the longitudinal elements have such a width that theportions of the longitudinal elements substantially fill up completelywidths of the longitudinal slits.
 3. The instrument according to claim2, wherein each plate has flexible portions coinciding at least withflexible parts of the instrument.
 4. The instrument according to claim3, wherein the plate is not connected to the intermediate cylindricalmember.
 5. The instrument according to claim 2, wherein the plate is notconnected to the intermediate cylindrical member.
 6. The instrumentaccording to claim 1, wherein each plate has flexible portionscoinciding at least with flexible parts of the instrument.
 7. Theinstrument according to claim 6, wherein the plate is not connected tothe intermediate cylindrical member.
 8. The instrument according toclaim 1, wherein the plate is not connected to the intermediatecylindrical member.
 9. An instrument for endoscopic applications, theinstrument comprising: an intermediate cylindrical member; an innercylindrical member inserted in the intermediate cylindrical member; andan outer cylindrical member surrounding the intermediate cylindricalmember such that the intermediate cylindrical member and the outercylindrical member are positioned against each other, wherein: theinstrument has a first end portion and a second end portion opposing thefirst end portion, the intermediate cylindrical member has a handlingend portion with a flexible portion at the first end portion andactuating means located at the second end portion, the actuating meanscomprises a first cylindrical part, the handling end portion has asecond cylindrical part connected to the actuating means by longitudinalelements for transferring a movement of the actuating means to a bendingof the handling end portion, the longitudinal elements are separatedfrom one another by longitudinal slits defined in the intermediatecylindrical member, each of the longitudinal elements is composed of astrip, adjacent strips being separated by a gap, a plate is located inthe gap and is arranged to move in a longitudinal direction of the gapbut has a circumferential width filling a width of the gap so as toguide the strip, and the plate is connected either to the outercylindrical member or to the inner cylindrical member.
 10. Theinstrument according to claim 9, wherein a connection between the plateand either of the outer cylindrical member or the inner cylindricalmember is a welding connection.
 11. The instrument according to claim10, wherein the instrument has, in at least a part, a non flexible partin which portions of the longitudinal elements have such a width thatthe portions of the longitudinal elements substantially fill upcompletely widths of the longitudinal slits.
 12. The instrumentaccording to claim 11, wherein the plate is not connected to theintermediate cylindrical member.
 13. The instrument according to claim10, wherein each plate has flexible portions coinciding at least withflexible parts of the instrument.
 14. The instrument according to claim13, wherein the plate is not connected to the intermediate cylindricalmember.
 15. The instrument according to claim 10, wherein the plate isnot connected to the intermediate cylindrical member.
 16. The instrumentaccording to claim 9, wherein the instrument has, in at least a part, anon flexible part in which portions of the longitudinal elements havesuch a width that the portions of the longitudinal elementssubstantially fill up completely widths of the longitudinal slits. 17.The instrument according to claim 16, wherein the plate is not connectedto the intermediate cylindrical member.
 18. The instrument according toclaim 9, wherein each plate has flexible portions coinciding at leastwith flexible parts of the instrument.
 19. The instrument according toclaim 18, wherein the plate is not connected to the intermediatecylindrical member.
 20. The instrument according to claim 9, wherein theplate is not connected to the intermediate cylindrical member.